What Does It Mean to Have Squamous Epithelial Cells in Urine?

The normal range of squamous epithelial cells in urine is typically zero to five squamous epithelial cells per high-power field (HPF). Typical diagnostic ranges fall into either few, moderate, or many but can also be measured in number. A normal range is less than 15 to 20 per HPF; therefore, more than 15 to 20 squamous epithelial cells per HPF indicate contamination in the urine sample.

More than five squamous epithelial cells in a single field of view can be considered an increased number that may indicate an infection or other health condition. If the number of squamous epithelial cells present is outside the normal range, you should consult a doctor to determine the underlying cause.

However, the normal range of squamous epithelial cells in urine may vary between laboratories and can be influenced by various factors, such as age, sex, and overall health. It is always best to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate interpretation of urine test results.

A moderate amount of squamous epithelial cells in the urine is not necessarily a cause for concern. However, if the number of these cells is consistently high or there are other signs of a urinary tract infection, further investigation and treatment may be necessary.

Squamous epithelial cells in urine may indicate the presence of an underlying health condition, but they do not necessarily indicate cancer. Squamous epithelial cells are flat, scale-like cells that are normally found in the outer layer of the skin and lining of certain organs, such as the mouth and vagina. When these cells are present in urine, it may indicate that they have been shed from an abnormal site, such as the bladder or urethra.

In some cases, the presence of squamous epithelial cells in urine may signify a bladder or urethral infection, irritation, or injury. However, other conditions, such as bladder or urethral cancer, can also cause these cells to be present in the urine.

A cancer diagnosis cannot be made based on the presence of squamous epithelial cells in urine alone. Additional tests, such as a biopsy, a CT scan, or an MRI, may be necessary to determine the underlying cause and make a definitive diagnosis. Consult a healthcare provider if you are concerned about the presence of squamous epithelial cells in your urine.

Treatment of excess squamous epithelial cells in urine depends on the underlying cause. 

There are several treatment options for excess squamous epithelial cells in the urine, including the following:

• Antibiotics: May be prescribed to treat an infection, which can cause an increase in squamous epithelial cells in the urine.
• Hydration: Increasing fluid intake can help flush out excess squamous epithelial cells in the urine.
• Avoiding irritants: Avoiding harsh soaps, bubble baths, and spermicidal products can reduce the amount of squamous epithelial cells in the urine.
• Medical procedures: In some cases, medical procedures such as a bladder wash or bladder irrigation may be performed to remove excess squamous epithelial cells from the bladder.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove any underlying conditions that increase the squamous epithelial cells in the urine.

If the blockage occurs due to a tumor, treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Your doctor will assess your condition and recommend the best treatment option. Seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

In certain systemic conditions, it is possible to have a high epithelial cell count in urine.

Risk factors for a high epithelial cell count in urine include:

• Liver disease
• Weak immune system
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Enlarged prostate
• Family history of kidney disease
• Pregnancy
• Ethnicity
  • African
  • Asian
  • American Indian
  • Hispanic

Treatment Options

Once the doctor establishes the root cause for the presence of epithelial cells in the urine, they will initiate a suitable treatment aimed at the underlying cause.

• They may indicate a urine test after the treatment to determine whether the disease is cured.
• They may advise lifestyle modifications to reduce the intensity of chronic conditions such as frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections, including:
  • changes in your diet,
  • increase physical activity or exercise, and
  • weight loss.

The source of epithelial cells in urine is the urethral lining. The clean catch method is used to make sure the urine sample collection is not contaminated with epithelial cells.

When you have to collect a small amount of your urine in a special sterile container, follow a few steps that help you prevent contamination of the urine sample, such as:

• Wash your hands clean before collecting the sample.
• Remove the lid of the container and place it such that the inner part should be directed up exposed to air.
• You will be given tissue paper, which men should use to clean the area around their penis, and women should use to clean their vagina from front to back.
• Start to urinate into the toilet or urinal.
• Let the first few drops of urine flow, and then place the container in the stream to collect a midstream sample.
• You should be careful that the container rim does not touch your genitals.
• After collection of the requisite amount, place the lid on the container.
• Wash your hands thoroughly and leave the container in its intended place.

By this method, you reduce the risk of contamination of the urine sample with epithelial cells that are present on the outer surface of your genitals.